currently, we are developing with Quarkus and Hibernate a webapp that uses Postgres. It is a prett simple CRUD application where I want to insert entities into the Postgres DB and let Hibernate generate the primary key.

the pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns=".0.0" xmlns:xsi="; xsi:schemaLocation=".0.0 .0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<parent>
    <groupId>...</groupId>
    <artifactId>...</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.0-snapshot</version>
</parent>

<artifactId>pro-a-backend</artifactId>
<name>... Backend</name>

<properties>
    <compiler-plugin.version>3.11.0</compiler-plugin.version>
    <mavenpiler.release>21</mavenpiler.release>
    <version.camunda>7.20.0</version.camunda>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <quarkus.platform.artifact-id>quarkus-bom</quarkus.platform.artifact-id>
    <quarkus.platform.group-id>io.quarkus.platform</quarkus.platform.group-id>
    <quarkus.platform.version>3.8.3</quarkus.platform.version>
    <surefire-plugin.version>3.1.2</surefire-plugin.version>
    <jacoco.version>0.8.10</jacoco.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
            <artifactId>${quarkus.platform.artifact-id}</artifactId>
            <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-resteasy-reactive-jackson</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-orm</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-jdbc-h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-orm-panache</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.postgresql</groupId>
        <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        <version>42.6.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-jdbc-postgresql</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-resteasy-reactive</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-rest-client-jackson</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-elytron-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-smallrye-jwt</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-arc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.30</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.camunda.bpm.model</groupId>
        <artifactId>camunda-bpmn-model</artifactId>
        <version>${version.camunda}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Testing -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.assertj</groupId>
        <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
        <version>3.25.3</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.11.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-junit5-mockito</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-jacoco</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkiverse.bucket4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-bucket4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.4</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <finalName>pro-a-${project.version}</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
            <artifactId>quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
            <extensions>true</extensions>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>build</goal>
                        <goal>generate-code</goal>
                        <goal>generate-code-tests</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${compiler-plugin.version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <compilerArgs>
                    <arg>-parameters</arg>
                </compilerArgs>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <systemPropertyVariables>
                    <java.util.logging.manager>.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
                    <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
                </systemPropertyVariables>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>integration-test</goal>
                        <goal>verify</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <systemPropertyVariables>
                            <native.image.path>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner</native.image.path>
                            <java.util.logging.manager>.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
                            <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
                        </systemPropertyVariables>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>.jacoco</groupId>
            <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>default-prepare-agent</id>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <exclClassLoaders>*QuarkusClassLoader</exclClassLoaders>
                        <destFile>${project.build.directory}/jacoco-quarkus.exec</destFile>
                        <append>true</append>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>auto-clean</id>
                    <phase>initialize</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>clean</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <filesets>
                            <fileset>
                                <directory>src/main/resources/META-INF/resources</directory>
                                <excludes>
                                    <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
                                </excludes>
                            </fileset>
                        </filesets>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy frontend content</id>
                    <phase>generate-resources</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <outputDirectory>src/main/resources/META-INF/resources</outputDirectory>
                        <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                        <resources>
                            <resource>
                                <directory>${project.parent.basedir}/frontend/target/dist</directory>
                            </resource>
                        </resources>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>
<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>native</id>
        <activation>
            <property>
                <name>native</name>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <skipITs>false</skipITs>
            <quarkus.package.type>native</quarkus.package.type>
        </properties>
    </profile>
</profiles>

Then I have several entities. For example this one:

@Entity
@Data
public class ProcessEventTable {

@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;

private String elementId;

private String label;

@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
private EventType eventType;

@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private ProcessModelTable processModel;

@ManyToOne
private ProjectTable project;
}

In order to persist the entity I use the entitymanager:

em.persist(table);

This is the stacktrace:

2025-02-04T18:59:52.4858834Z   Detail: Key (id)=(35) already exists.] [insert into     prod.ProcessModelTable (bpmnProcessId,bpmnXml,createdAt,description,name,processType,project_id,id) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)]
2025-02-04T18:59:52.4858870Z    at .hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:97)

And it is true. When I look into the databse there is already an entity with that primary key. But I am confused. It works for a while and then it breaks. I suspect that when the container the app is running in restarts it stops working. Probably hibernate somehow resets and start counting the primary key somewhere in the middle again. Funny thing. If I try it several times each time it is a different primary key.

By the way same thing happened with Azure SQL. We are hosting the app as app service on Azure and tried Postgres and Azure SQL. Locally with Postgres and H2 there are no problems.

Any hint is appreciated.

currently, we are developing with Quarkus and Hibernate a webapp that uses Postgres. It is a prett simple CRUD application where I want to insert entities into the Postgres DB and let Hibernate generate the primary key.

the pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache./POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3./2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache./POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache./xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<parent>
    <groupId>...</groupId>
    <artifactId>...</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.0-snapshot</version>
</parent>

<artifactId>pro-a-backend</artifactId>
<name>... Backend</name>

<properties>
    <compiler-plugin.version>3.11.0</compiler-plugin.version>
    <mavenpiler.release>21</mavenpiler.release>
    <version.camunda>7.20.0</version.camunda>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <quarkus.platform.artifact-id>quarkus-bom</quarkus.platform.artifact-id>
    <quarkus.platform.group-id>io.quarkus.platform</quarkus.platform.group-id>
    <quarkus.platform.version>3.8.3</quarkus.platform.version>
    <surefire-plugin.version>3.1.2</surefire-plugin.version>
    <jacoco.version>0.8.10</jacoco.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
            <artifactId>${quarkus.platform.artifact-id}</artifactId>
            <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-resteasy-reactive-jackson</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-orm</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-jdbc-h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-orm-panache</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.postgresql</groupId>
        <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        <version>42.6.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-jdbc-postgresql</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-resteasy-reactive</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-rest-client-jackson</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-elytron-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-smallrye-jwt</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-arc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.30</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.camunda.bpm.model</groupId>
        <artifactId>camunda-bpmn-model</artifactId>
        <version>${version.camunda}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Testing -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.assertj</groupId>
        <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
        <version>3.25.3</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.11.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-junit5-mockito</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-jacoco</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.quarkiverse.bucket4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>quarkus-bucket4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.4</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <finalName>pro-a-${project.version}</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
            <artifactId>quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
            <extensions>true</extensions>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>build</goal>
                        <goal>generate-code</goal>
                        <goal>generate-code-tests</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${compiler-plugin.version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <compilerArgs>
                    <arg>-parameters</arg>
                </compilerArgs>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <systemPropertyVariables>
                    <java.util.logging.manager>.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
                    <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
                </systemPropertyVariables>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>integration-test</goal>
                        <goal>verify</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <systemPropertyVariables>
                            <native.image.path>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner</native.image.path>
                            <java.util.logging.manager>.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
                            <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
                        </systemPropertyVariables>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>.jacoco</groupId>
            <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>default-prepare-agent</id>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <exclClassLoaders>*QuarkusClassLoader</exclClassLoaders>
                        <destFile>${project.build.directory}/jacoco-quarkus.exec</destFile>
                        <append>true</append>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>auto-clean</id>
                    <phase>initialize</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>clean</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <filesets>
                            <fileset>
                                <directory>src/main/resources/META-INF/resources</directory>
                                <excludes>
                                    <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
                                </excludes>
                            </fileset>
                        </filesets>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy frontend content</id>
                    <phase>generate-resources</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <outputDirectory>src/main/resources/META-INF/resources</outputDirectory>
                        <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                        <resources>
                            <resource>
                                <directory>${project.parent.basedir}/frontend/target/dist</directory>
                            </resource>
                        </resources>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>
<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>native</id>
        <activation>
            <property>
                <name>native</name>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <skipITs>false</skipITs>
            <quarkus.package.type>native</quarkus.package.type>
        </properties>
    </profile>
</profiles>

Then I have several entities. For example this one:

@Entity
@Data
public class ProcessEventTable {

@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;

private String elementId;

private String label;

@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
private EventType eventType;

@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private ProcessModelTable processModel;

@ManyToOne
private ProjectTable project;
}

In order to persist the entity I use the entitymanager:

em.persist(table);

This is the stacktrace:

2025-02-04T18:59:52.4858834Z   Detail: Key (id)=(35) already exists.] [insert into     prod.ProcessModelTable (bpmnProcessId,bpmnXml,createdAt,description,name,processType,project_id,id) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)]
2025-02-04T18:59:52.4858870Z    at .hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:97)

And it is true. When I look into the databse there is already an entity with that primary key. But I am confused. It works for a while and then it breaks. I suspect that when the container the app is running in restarts it stops working. Probably hibernate somehow resets and start counting the primary key somewhere in the middle again. Funny thing. If I try it several times each time it is a different primary key.

By the way same thing happened with Azure SQL. We are hosting the app as app service on Azure and tried Postgres and Azure SQL. Locally with Postgres and H2 there are no problems.

Any hint is appreciated.

• java
• postgresql
• hibernate
• quarkus

• can you try to give auto in the strategy like here stackoverflow/a/2011544/175554 – ozkanpakdil Commented Feb 4 at 20:29

1 Answer 1

Default GenerationType of Hibernate is GenerationType.AUTO. Which means Hibernate will automatically pick the primary key generation strategy. This selection is based on the Dialect configured in your Hibernate or JPA settings. If Hibernate picks the GenerationType.IDENTITY it will rely upon the database. For GenerationType.IDENTITY your table column must have AUTO_INCREMENT