I've seen a couple of web pages say that a = b || 'blah' should assign 'blah' to a if b is undefined or null. But if I type that into Firebug or use it in code, it plains that b is not defined, at the list on FF3/win. Any hints?

Edit: I'm looking for the case where b may not exist at all. For example, a DOM node without an id.

I've seen a couple of web pages say that a = b || 'blah' should assign 'blah' to a if b is undefined or null. But if I type that into Firebug or use it in code, it plains that b is not defined, at the list on FF3/win. Any hints?

Edit: I'm looking for the case where b may not exist at all. For example, a DOM node without an id.

• javascript
• firefox-3
• coalesce

• Even here: developer.mozilla/en/A_re-introduction_to_JavaScript (search for '|| "'.) – Kev Commented Nov 19, 2008 at 19:12
• ping so you'll see I've updated my answer on your responses page – Orion Edwards Commented Nov 19, 2008 at 21:54
• A DOM node without an id may not really be a good example, since you shouldn't be relying on IE's "DOM id's as global vars" and should be using document.getElementById(), which may alleviate the need to worry about an undefined var in the first place. – J c Commented Nov 19, 2008 at 22:39
• I think I meant if you use nextSibling to get a text node, which doesn't have an ID property, or something similar--except that now when I try that it works. So I'm not sure what context I needed this in exactly. :| – Kev Commented Mar 11, 2009 at 12:57

4 Answers 4

If b existed, and was false, null, etc, then it works in the way that you would expect. All you'll need to do is on the line above that, put var b = null;

This makes sense if you think about it. It basically does something like this...

a = function(){ if(b){return b;} else{ return 'blah' } }();

Note it is checking that the value of b is truthy... if b doesn't exist, you get an exception.

Regarding Undefined variables

"Undefined" in javascript doesn't mean 'variable doesn't exist'. It means "the value of the variable is the special value of undefined". Example:

alert(nosuchvariable);
=> throws exception

var somevariable; // note it's never assigned
alert(somevariable);
=> This alerts with 'undefined'

Regarding Checking if variables exist.

So if we try to read b and there is no such variable as b, we get an exception. If we're trying to find out if b is defined, then this isn't helpful.

You can see if global variables exist by checking the top-level window object. All global variables are actually just fields in the window object. Example:

foo = 'Hello';
alert( window.foo );
=> alerts 'Hello'

Because you know the window object already exists, you can check it's fields.
Checking for fields that don't exist in javascript will give you undefined and won't crash, so you can then do the coalesce, or put the undefined in a variable or whatever

For local variables (things declared with var), you can't check for their existence. they don't "live" anywhere in the way that global variables "live" in the window object, and any normal attempt to reference one will cause an exception: eg:

alert(a);
=> exception because a is meaningless
alert(d45pwiu4309m9rv43);
=> exception because that is equally meaningless

There is however one exception (that I know of, thanks J c in the ments), the typeof operator. If you try and get the type of something that doesn't exist, it won't crash, it will return the string "undefined".
This gives you a way of checking for non-existent local variables. eg:

if( typeof(djfsd) === "undefined" )
  alert('no such variable');

Regarding DOM elements that don't exist

There have been several ments mentioning DOM elements without ID's and so forth...

The fact that it's a DOM element isn't really relevant. Think of the DOM as a database or a file, and an element as a row in that database or word in that file. In order to do anything with it, you have to go searching through the database, find the right row, and pull it's data out. The data gets put into a javascript object. You then access it by manipulating that object, and maybe putting the object in a variable if you like. Example:

document.getElementById('foo');

this goes into the dom and looks for an element with an ID of 'foo'. If it finds one, it puts some information about that element into a javascript object, and then hands that object back to you. If it can't find the element, it will hand you back null, but all the normal rules still apply (you can stick the null in a variable, or whatever).

It doesn't affect the coalesce at all.

I think you're looking for this:

var a = typeof b == 'undefined' ? 'blah' : b;

But if I type that into Firebug or use it in code, it plains that b is not defined, at list on FF3/win

What do you mean, "is not defined"? You mean Javascript doesn't know the variable? Then you may use window.b as "window" is the top level object, or first declare b with var b;; but only if it is a variable.

If it is a DOM element, you may have to try to hunt it down first, for example with document.getElementById:

a = document.getElementById('b') || 'blah'

works for me.

|| is the short-circuited logical OR operator in JavaScript, much like it is in C, C++, Java, C#, Perl, PHP, etc.

According to Wikipedia, if you put parentheses around b, it will work as you expect.

var a = (b) || 'blah';