I am currently reading Eloquent Javascript Chapter 5. They give the following example which is confusing the hell out of me.

function greaterThan(n) {
  return function(m) { return m > n; };
}
var greaterThan10 = greaterThan(10);
console.log(greaterThan10(11));
// → true

Can anyone break this down to me as simply as possible. I have huge trouble with callbacks. Especially when it es to situations like these.

I am currently reading Eloquent Javascript Chapter 5. They give the following example which is confusing the hell out of me.

function greaterThan(n) {
  return function(m) { return m > n; };
}
var greaterThan10 = greaterThan(10);
console.log(greaterThan10(11));
// → true

Can anyone break this down to me as simply as possible. I have huge trouble with callbacks. Especially when it es to situations like these.

• javascript
• callback

2 Answers 2

Higher-Order functions basically mean two things:

• Functions can take other functions as an argument/input
• Functions can return functions

This is what is meant by higher-order functions.

// this function takes a function as an argument
function myFunc(anotherFunc) {
  // executes and returns its result as the output which happens to be a function (myFunc)
  return anotherFunc();
}

// let's call myFunc with an anonymous function
myFunc(function() { 
 // this returns a function as you see
 return myFunc;
});

As for your example, it demonstrates higher-order functions by returning a function. It also demonstrates the notion of closure.

Closure is closing over a scoped variable, in this case the input argument n.

function greaterThan(n) {
  // n is closed over (embedded into and accessible within) the function returned below
  return function(m) { return m > n; };
}

// greatherThan10 reference points to the function returned by the greaterThan function
// with n set to 10
// Notice how greaterThan10 can reference the n variable and no-one else can
// this is a closure
var greaterThan10 = greaterThan(10);

console.log(greaterThan10(11));
// → true

There's no "callback" involved here. What you've got with the "greaterThan" function is a function that returns another function.

So, you call the function:

var greaterThan10 = greaterThan(10);

Now the variable "greaterThan10" references the function returned by the "greaterThan" function invoked with 10 as the argument.

Then, you log the result of calling that function:

console.log(greaterThan10(11));

The function returned from "greaterThan" is invoked. It pares its parameter to the value of the parameter "n" passed when it was created. Because 11 is in fact greater than 10, the function will return true and that's what'll be logged.