For local Laravel development I came up with my own docker environment, the web container and the database container are working just fine, I've been using that setup successfully for quite a while now.
Now I want to incorporate NodeJS into that setup but I don't get the nodejs container to work.

My Setup:

services:
  web:
    build:
      context: ./web/
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: application
    restart: unless-stopped
    working_dir: /var/www/html
    volumes:
      - ./web/src:/var/www/html
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    depends_on:
      - db
    networks:
      - nodejstest

  db:
    build:
      context: ./mysql/
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: db_mysql
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=nodejstest
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=pass1234
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/db_data:/var/lib/mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    networks:
      - nodejstest
  
  nodejs:
    image: node:22
    container_name: nodejs
    restart: unless-stopped
    user: "node"
    working_dir: /home/node/app
    volumes:
      - ./web/src:/home/node/app
    networks:
      - nodejstest
    tty: true

networks:
  nodejstest:

volumes:
  db_data:

I install Laravel into the "web" container as always, Laravel runs perfectly.
Now I attach to the "nodejs" container and run npm install

Error Output:

node@a2b3381a5417:~/app$ npm install
npm error code EACCES
npm error syscall mkdir
npm error path /home/node/app/node_modules
npm error errno -13
npm error Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/home/node/app/node_modules'
npm error     at async mkdir (node:internal/fs/promises:863:10)
npm error     at async /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:624:20
npm error     at async Promise.allSettled (index 0)
npm error     at async [reifyPackages] (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:325:11)
npm error     at async Arborist.reify (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:142:5)
npm error     at async Install.exec (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/commands/install.js:150:5)
npm error     at async Npm.exec (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/npm.js:207:9)
npm error     at async module.exports (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/cli/entry.js:74:5) {
npm error   errno: -13,
npm error   code: 'EACCES',
npm error   syscall: 'mkdir',
npm error   path: '/home/node/app/node_modules'
npm error }
npm error
npm error The operation was rejected by your operating system.
npm error It is likely you do not have the permissions to access this file as the current user
npm error
npm error If you believe this might be a permissions issue, please double-check the
npm error permissions of the file and its containing directories, or try running
npm error the command again as root/Administrator.
npm error A complete log of this run can be found in: /home/node/.npm/_logs/2025-04-02T21_18_28_803Z-debug-0.log

The "node" user can't write to the workdir.

File Permissions:

root@8c16215dc95b:/var/www/html# ls -lha
total 424K
drwxrwxr-x 12 www-data www-data 4.0K Apr  2 19:09 .
drwxr-xr-x  1 root     root     4.0K Mar 17 23:17 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data  258 Mar 31 14:06 .editorconfig
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data 1.2K Apr  2 19:09 .env
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data 1.1K Apr  2 19:08 .env.example
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data  186 Mar 31 14:06 .gitattributes
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data  286 Mar 31 14:06 .gitignore
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data 4.1K Mar 31 14:06 README.md
drwxr-xr-x  5 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 app
-rwxr-xr-x  1 www-data www-data  425 Mar 31 14:06 artisan
drwxr-xr-x  3 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 bootstrap
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data 2.4K Apr  2 19:08 composer.json
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data 324K Apr  2 19:08 composer.lock
drwxr-xr-x  2 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 config
drwxr-xr-x  5 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 database
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data  354 Mar 31 14:06 package.json
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data 1.2K Mar 31 14:06 phpunit.xml
drwxr-xr-x  2 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 public
drwxr-xr-x  5 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 resources
drwxr-xr-x  2 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 routes
drwxr-xr-x  5 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 31 14:06 storage
drwxr-xr-x  4 www-data www-data 4.0K Apr  2 19:08 tests
drwxr-xr-x 47 www-data www-data 4.0K Apr  2 19:08 vendor
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data  331 Mar 31 14:06 vite.config.js

Question:

What is the best way to allow NodeJS access to the project directory?
Is a simple chmod -R 0777 /var/www/html fine or is it a bad practice? And if so, what is the more elegant way to get NodeJS working?
I am by no means an expert with docker. I put this setup together with hours of reserch, try and error. And allthough I got the "web" and "db" container working and use it now for almost a year, I still find the whole docker topic pretty overwhelming. So please be kind with my setup and use simple words :)