I have been using EF Core temporal tables since EF Core 7.0.0. I'm also using optimistic concurrency and this was implemented before temporal tables.

They have been working together without a problem but when upgrading to .NET 9 and Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore 9.0.1 I can no longer run my migrations. My database that already has the migrations applied works without a problem but I can not run the migrations on a new database.

The first migration is still OK:

    _ = migrationBuilder.AddColumn<byte[]>(
        name: "Version",
        table: "Vulnerability",
        type: "rowversion",
        rowVersion: true,
        nullable: true);

However when the temporal tables migration is ran then I encounter an exception:

    _ = migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<byte[]>(
        name: "Version",
        table: "Vulnerability",
        type: "rowversion",
        rowVersion: true,
        nullable: true,
        oldClrType: typeof(byte[]),
        oldType: "rowversion",
        oldRowVersion: true,
        oldNullable: true)
        .Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalHistoryTableName", "VulnerabilityHistory")
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalHistoryTableSchema", null)
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart");

This has worked without a problem in .NET 8 and Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore 8.0.x.

For testing you should add optimistic concurrency and then add that entity as temporal table in separate migrations. Migration probably has to be done in .NET 7 or 8 and then upgrade after that.

Example entity:

public class Person
{
    public int PersonId { get; set; }

    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    public string LastName { get; set; }

    1739182876
    public byte[] Version { get; set; }
}

Stack traces

Failed executing DbCommand (7ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
DECLARE @var28 sysname;
SELECT @var28 = [d].[name]
FROM [sys].[default_constraints] [d]
INNER JOIN [sys].[columns] [c] ON [d].[parent_column_id] = [c].[column_id] AND [d].[parent_object_id] = [c].[object_id]
WHERE ([d].[parent_object_id] = OBJECT_ID(N'[Vulnerability]') AND [c].[name] = N'Version');
IF @var28 IS NOT NULL EXEC(N'ALTER TABLE [Vulnerability] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + @var28 + '];');
ALTER TABLE [Vulnerability] ALTER COLUMN [Version] rowversion NULL;
Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): Cannot alter column 'Version' to be data type timestamp.
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj, SqlCommand command, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.TryRun(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean& dataReady)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteNonQueryTds(String methodName, Boolean isAsync, Int32 timeout, Boolean asyncWrite)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.InternalExecuteNonQuery(TaskCompletionSource`1 completion, Boolean sendToPipe, Int32 timeout, Boolean& usedCache, Boolean asyncWrite, Boolean inRetry, String methodName)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.RelationalCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(RelationalCommandParameterObject parameterObject)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.MigrationCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(IRelationalConnection connection, IReadOnlyDictionary`2 parameterValues)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.MigrationCommandExecutor.Execute(IReadOnlyList`1 migrationCommands, IRelationalConnection connection, MigrationExecutionState executionState, Boolean beginTransaction, Boolean commitTransaction, Nullable`1 isolationLevel)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.MigrationCommandExecutor.<>c.<ExecuteNonQuery>b__3_1(DbContext _, ValueTuple`6 s)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerExecutionStrategy.Execute[TState,TResult](TState state, Func`3 operation, Func`3 verifySucceeded)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.MigrationCommandExecutor.ExecuteNonQuery(IReadOnlyList`1 migrationCommands, IRelationalConnection connection, MigrationExecutionState executionState, Boolean commitTransaction, Nullable`1 isolationLevel)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.MigrateImplementation(DbContext context, String targetMigration, MigrationExecutionState state, Boolean useTransaction)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.<>c.<Migrate>b__20_1(DbContext c, ValueTuple`4 s)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerExecutionStrategy.Execute[TState,TResult](TState state, Func`3 operation, Func`3 verifySucceeded)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.Migrate(String targetMigration)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.Internal.MigrationsOperations.UpdateDatabase(String targetMigration, String connectionString, String contextType)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.UpdateDatabaseImpl(String targetMigration, String connectionString, String contextType)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.UpdateDatabase.<>c__DisplayClass0_0.<.ctor>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.OperationBase.Execute(Action action)

Verbose output

Failed executing DbCommand (9ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
DECLARE @var28 sysname;
SELECT @var28 = [d].[name]
FROM [sys].[default_constraints] [d]
INNER JOIN [sys].[columns] [c] ON [d].[parent_column_id] = [c].[column_id] AND [d].[parent_object_id] = [c].[object_id]
WHERE ([d].[parent_object_id] = OBJECT_ID(N'[Vulnerability]') AND [c].[name] = N'Version');
IF @var28 IS NOT NULL EXEC(N'ALTER TABLE [Vulnerability] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + @var28 + '];');
ALTER TABLE [Vulnerability] ALTER COLUMN [Version] rowversion NULL;
Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): Cannot alter column 'Version' to be data type timestamp.
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj, SqlCommand command, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.TryRun(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean& dataReady)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteNonQueryTds(String methodName, Boolean isAsync, Int32 timeout, Boolean asyncWrite)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.InternalExecuteNonQuery(TaskCompletionSource`1 completion, Boolean sendToPipe, Int32 timeout, Boolean& usedCache, Boolean asyncWrite, Boolean inRetry, String methodName)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.RelationalCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(RelationalCommandParameterObject parameterObject)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.MigrationCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(IRelationalConnection connection, IReadOnlyDictionary`2 parameterValues)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.MigrationCommandExecutor.Execute(IReadOnlyList`1 migrationCommands, IRelationalConnection connection, MigrationExecutionState executionState, Boolean beginTransaction, Boolean commitTransaction, Nullable`1 isolationLevel)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.MigrationCommandExecutor.<>c.<ExecuteNonQuery>b__3_1(DbContext _, ValueTuple`6 s)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerExecutionStrategy.Execute[TState,TResult](TState state, Func`3 operation, Func`3 verifySucceeded)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.MigrationCommandExecutor.ExecuteNonQuery(IReadOnlyList`1 migrationCommands, IRelationalConnection connection, MigrationExecutionState executionState, Boolean commitTransaction, Nullable`1 isolationLevel)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.MigrateImplementation(DbContext context, String targetMigration, MigrationExecutionState state, Boolean useTransaction)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.<>c.<Migrate>b__20_1(DbContext c, ValueTuple`4 s)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerExecutionStrategy.Execute[TState,TResult](TState state, Func`3 operation, Func`3 verifySucceeded)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.Migrate(String targetMigration)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.Internal.MigrationsOperations.UpdateDatabase(String targetMigration, String connectionString, String contextType)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.UpdateDatabaseImpl(String targetMigration, String connectionString, String contextType)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.UpdateDatabase.<>c__DisplayClass0_0.<.ctor>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.OperationBase.Execute(Action action)
ClientConnectionId:6bd45518-77a1-4a20-ab33-42da0accdf9a
Error Number:4927,State:1,Class:16
Cannot alter column 'Version' to be data type timestamp

EF Core version

9.0.1

Database provider

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

Target framework

.NET 9.0

Operating system

Windows 11 Pro

IDE

Microsoft Visual Studio Enterprise 2022 (64-bit) - Version 17.12.4

GitHub issue: