问题现象

新装的ubtutu18.04无法设置亮度，触摸板无法移动和点击，声音也无法在键盘上调节，更新系统软件也无法解决问题。

原因

折腾一顿后，发现是内核版本与显卡驱动导致。

解决办法

查看自己电脑的内核

uname -r

5.4.0-42-generic

查看当前的内核信息

dpkg --get-selections| grep linux

azheng@ubuntu:~$ dpkg --get-selections| grep linux
binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu               install
console-setup-linux                     install
libselinux1:amd64                       install
linux-base                              install
linux-firmware                          install
linux-headers-5.4.0-42-generic			install
linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-42			install
linux-image-5.4.0-42-generic			install
linux-libc-dev:amd64                    install
linux-modules-5.4.0-42-generic			install
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-42-generic	install
linux-sound-base                        install
pptp-linux                              install
syslinux                                install
syslinux-common                         install
syslinux-legacy                         install
util-linux                              install

安装内核5.4.0-104

sudo apt install linux-image-5.4.0-104-generic 
sudo apt install linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-104-generic
sudo apt install unity-tweak-tool 
sudo apt install linux-modules-5.4.0-104-generic 
sudo apt install linux-headers-5.4.0-104-generic

禁止内核更新

sudo apt-mark hold linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-104-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-modules-5.4.0-104-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-image-5.4.0-104-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-104
sudo apt-mark hold linux-headers-5.4.0-104-generic

重启

重新安装nvidia驱动

sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-510.54.run

重启，问题全部解决